Contents. History The company was founded in 1996. In 2005, they acquired Bowne Global Solutions, then the largest localization provider worldwide.
They acquired Darwin Zone, a digital marketing services agency based in, and Clay Tablet Technologies, a content connectivity software firm, in 2014. In 2015, they acquired -based, a translation solutions provider, and Geotext, a legal translation company.
In December 2016, it was announced that Lionbridge entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired. The deal was announced closed in May, 2017. This article appears to contain a large number of. There might be a discussion about this on the.
Please help if you can. (August 2016) Controversies/court cases A securities class action lawsuit involving the company was filed in July 2001 under 'Samet v. Lionbridge Technologies, Inc.
In the for the. In 2006, a Lionbridge employee was awarded noneconomic damages of USD 366,250 and economic damages of USD 221,433 due to failure by the company to fulfil its obligation to help the employee obtain a green card. A 2008 court case involved an unfair dismissal claim by a former Lionbridge employee fired for union recruitment activities at the company's Warsaw office to protect employment conditions. Protests in support were held in Denmark, Spain, Poland, and Ireland. Awards and recognition Every year since 2006, Lionbridge has been named a Top 20 Training Outsourcing Company. Bert Esselink (2003). Guide to Localization.
Multilingual Computing and Technology. Common Sense Advisory. Common Sense Advisory. Retrieved 2017-05-15. Stanford Law School Securities Class Action Clearinghouse. Stanford Law School.
Retrieved 29 March 2016. John Rotterman, Esq. Immigration Daily. Retrieved 19 June 2013. Metro Eireann.
10 July 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Irish Translators and Interpreters Association Bulletin. Retrieved 29 March 2016. Microsoft News Center. Common Sense Advisory.
Technology Marketing Corporation. External links.
Debate-style readers can be provocative teaching tools, but if the readings are not in dialogue with one another, the crux of the debate is lost on students. Editors Hird and Haas solve this issue by inviting 15 pairs of scholars and practitioners to directly address current questions in IR through brief 'yes' and 'no' pieces. Providing necessary context, introductions fra Debate-style readers can be provocative teaching tools, but if the readings are not in dialogue with one another, the crux of the debate is lost on students.
Editors Hird and Haas solve this issue by inviting 15 pairs of scholars and practitioners to directly address current questions in IR through brief 'yes' and 'no' pieces. Providing necessary context, introductions frame the debate, both from a theoretical and a practical perspective. Concluding discussion questions in each chapter encourage further analysis.
Assumed office January 20, 2017 President Preceded by 50th In office January 14, 2013 – January 9, 2017 Lieutenant Preceded by Succeeded by In office January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011 Leader Preceded by Succeeded by Member of the from In office January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2013 Preceded by Succeeded by Constituency (2001–2003) (2003–2013) Personal details Born Michael Richard Pence ( 1959-06-07) June 7, 1959 (age 58), U.S. Political party Other political affiliations (before 1983) Spouse(s) ( m. 1985) Children 3 Residence Education Signature Website This article is part of a series about.
Vice President of the United States Incumbent. (2001–03). (2003–13). Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician and lawyer who serves as the and current, in office since January 20, 2017. He previously served as from 2013 to 2017. Born and raised in, Pence graduated from and earned a law degree from the before entering private practice.
After losing two bids for a U.S. In 1988 and 1990, he became a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999. Pence was elected to the in 2000 and represented and in the from 2001 to 2013.
He served as the of the from 2009 to 2011. Pence positioned himself as a principled conservative and supporter of the, stating that he was 'a Christian, a conservative, and a Republican, in that order.' Upon becoming in January 2013, Pence initiated the largest in 's history and pushed for more funding for education initiatives. Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus's race, gender, or disability.
After Pence signed the, he encountered fierce resistance from moderate members of his party, the business community, and advocates. Shortly thereafter, he signed legislation banning discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and other criteria. On November 8, 2016, Pence was elected as, after he dropped out of his in July to become the vice presidential running mate for Republican presidential nominee, who went on to win the. Pence as a U.S. Congressman, 2010 During the 1990 campaign, Pence ran a television advertisement in which an actor, dressed in a robe and headdress and speaking in a thick Middle Eastern accent, thanked his opponent, Sharp, for doing nothing to wean the United States off imported oil as chairman of a House subcommittee on energy and power. In response to criticism, Pence's campaign responded that the ad was not about Arabs; rather, it concerned Sharp's lack of leadership.
In 1991, Pence wrote an essay, 'Confessions of a Negative Campaigner', published in the Indiana Policy Review, in which he apologized for running negative ads against Sharp. Mike Pence rejuvenated his political career by running for the U.S. House of Representatives again in 2000, this time winning the seat in after six-year incumbent opted to run for governor of Indiana. The district (renumbered as beginning in 2002) comprises all or portions of 19 counties in eastern Indiana. As a Congressman, Pence adopted the slogan he had used on the radio, describing himself as 'a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order.' While in Congress, Pence belonged to the.
In his first year in office, Pence opposed President 's in 2001, as well as President Bush's Medicare prescription drug expansion the following year. Pence was re-elected four more times by comfortable margins. In the, and House elections, he defeated Democrat. Congressman Pence visits US-Soldiers in in 2006 Pence began to climb the party leadership structure and from 2005 to 2007 was chairman of the, a group of House Republicans. In November 2006, Pence announced his candidacy for leader of the Republican Party in the. Pence's release announcing his run for minority leader focused on a 'return to the values' of the -headed 1994.
However, he lost the bid to Representative of by a vote of 168 for Boehner, 27 for Pence, and one for Representative of Texas. In January 2009, Pence was elected as the, the third-highest-ranking Republican leadership position.
He ran unopposed and was elected unanimously. He was the first representative from Indiana to hold a House leadership position since 1981.
During Pence's twelve years in the House, he introduced 90 bills and; none became law. His committee assignments in the House were the following:. (2001–2003):,. (2003–2005): Agriculture, Judiciary. (2005–2007): Agriculture, International Relations, Judiciary.
(2007–2009): Foreign Affairs, Judiciary, (Ranking Member). (2009–2011): Foreign Affairs.
(2011–2013): Foreign Affairs, Judiciary. In 2008, magazine listed Pence as one of the ten best members of Congress, writing that Pence's 'unalloyed traditional conservatism has repeatedly pitted him against his party elders.'
Pence was mentioned as a possible Republican candidate for president in and. In September 2010, he was the top choice for president in a straw poll conducted by the. That same year he was encouraged to run against incumbent Democratic Senator, but opted not to enter the race, even after Bayh unexpectedly announced that he would retire.
Governor of Indiana (2013–2017) 2012 election. Governor Mike Pence speaking at the 2015 (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland, on February 27, 2015 In May 2011, Mike Pence announced that he would be seeking the Republican nomination for in 2012.
Incumbent Republican Governor was term-limited. Despite strong name recognition and a popular outgoing governor of the same party, Pence found himself in a heated race, eventually pulling out a close win with just under 50 percent of the vote against Democrat and Libertarian nominee. Pence was sworn in as the 50th on January 14, 2013. Fiscal and economic policy Pence 'inherited a $2 billion budget reserve from his predecessor, Mitch Daniels, and the state. Added to that reserve under his watch, though not before requiring state agencies, including public universities, to reduce funding in years in which revenue fell below projections.'
The state finished fiscal year 2014 with a reserve of $2 billion; budget cuts ordered by Pence for the $14 billion annual state budget include $24 million cut from colleges and universities; $27 million cut from the 'Family and Social Services Administration' (FSSA ); and $12 million cut from the. During Pence's term as governor, the unemployment rate reflected the national average. Indiana's job growth lagged slightly behind the national trend. In 2014, Indiana's economy was among the slowest-growing in the United States, with 0.4 percent GDP growth, compared to the national average of 2.2 percent; this was attributed in part to a sluggish manufacturing sector. And (UTEC) announced in 2016 that they would be closing two facilities in Indiana, sending 2,100 jobs to Mexico; the Trump campaign criticized the moves and Pence expressed 'deep disappointment'. Pence was unsuccessful in his efforts to persuade the companies to stay in the state, although the companies agreed to reimburse local and state governments for certain tax incentives that they had received.
The led by Pence had approved $24 million in incentives to 10 companies who sent jobs abroad. $8.7 million had been paid out by August 2016. With and Mike Pence, February 25, 2013 In 2013, Pence signed a law blocking local governments in Indiana from requiring businesses to offer higher wages or benefits beyond those required by federal law. In 2015, Pence also repealed an Indiana law that required construction companies working on publicly funded projects to pay a. Indiana enacted under Pence's predecessor, Republican governor Mitch Daniels. Under Pence, the state successfully defended this legislation against a challenge.
In 2013, Pence also announced the formation of the, a life sciences research facility supported with $25 million in startup funds from the state. Pence made tax reform, namely a 10 percent income-tax rate cut, a priority for 2013.
While he did not get the 10 percent cut he advocated, Pence did accomplish his goal of cutting state taxes. Legislators cut the income tax by 5 percent and also killed the inheritance tax. Speaker of the House said that the legislative package was the 'largest tax cut in our state's history, about $1.1 billion dollars.' By signing Senate Bill 1, the state corporate income tax would be dropped from 6.5 percent to 4.9 percent by 2021, which would be the second-lowest corporate income tax in the nation.
The law also permitted Indiana counties to eliminate the business personal property tax on new equipment and let them exempt small businesses with less than $20,000 worth of equipment from paying personal property taxes. On June 12, 2013, the Indiana Legislature Pence's veto of a bill to retroactively authorize a local tax. Lawmakers overrode Pence's veto in a 68–23 vote in the and a 34–12 one in the.
Republican legislators overwhelmingly voted against Pence, while most Democrats supported his veto. The Jackson–Pulaski tax fix, one of three bills vetoed by Pence during the session, addressed a 15-year-old county income tax which had been imposed to fund the construction of jail facilities with the stipulation that the tax be lowered by 1 percent after the first several years. The reduction was not implemented and thus county residents paid an additional 1 percent tax that they were legally not required to pay. The bill, which was passed by a huge majority of legislators and subsequently vetoed by Pence, allowed money to be kept and not returned to the tax payers as would have otherwise been necessary. As governor, Pence pressed for a balanced budget amendment to the. He initially proposed the initiative in his State of the State address in January 2015.
The legislation passed the state Senate. Indiana has had AAA with the since 2010, before Pence took office; these ratings were maintained throughout Pence's tenure. In 2014, Pence supported the Indiana Gateway project, a $71.4 million and improvement initiative paid for by the (the federal stimulus package), which Pence had voted against while a congressman. In October 2015, Pence 'announced plans to pay off a $250 million federal loan' to cover unemployment insurance payments that spiked during. In March 2016, Pence signed legislation to fund a $230 million two-year road-funding package.
Education During his tenure as governor, Pence supported significant increases in education funding to pre-schools, and, but frequently clashed with supporters of traditional public schools. In 2014, a little over one year after taking office, Pence helped establish a $10 million state preschool in Indiana and testified personally before the Education Committee in favor of the program to convince fellow Republicans (several of whom opposed the proposal) to approve the plan. Although the plan was initially defeated, Pence successfully managed to revive it, 'getting Indiana off the list of just 10 states that spent no direct funds to help poor children attend preschool.' Demand for enrollment in the program 'far outstripped' capacity, and Pence at first refused to apply for up to $80 million in federal Preschool Development Grant program funding, arguing that 'Indiana must develop our own pre-K program without federal intrusion.' After coming under sustained criticism for this position, Pence reversed course and sought to apply for the funds.
In 2015, Pence secured significant increases in charter-school funding from the legislation, although he did not get everything he had proposed. Legislation signed into law by Pence in 2013 greatly increased the number of students in Indiana who qualify for school vouchers, making it one of the largest voucher programs in the United States. The annual cost of the program is estimated to be $53 million for the 2015–16 school year. Pence opposed the, calling for the repeal of the standards in his 2014. The Indiana General Assembly then passed a bill to repeal the standards, becoming the first state to do so. Despite successful advocacy for more funding for pre-schools, and, Pence has frequently clashed with teachers unions and supporters of.
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In one of his first acts as governor, Pence removed control of the Educational Employment Relations Board, which was in charge of handling conflicts between unions and, from, a Democrat who was the (a separately elected position in the state). Pence created a new 'Center for Education and Career Innovation' (CECI) to coordinate efforts between schools and the private sector; Ritz opposed the Center, viewing it as a 'power grab' and encroachment on her own duties. Pence eventually disestablished the Center in order to help defuse the conflict. In May 2015, Pence signed a bill stripping Ritz of much of her authority over and other education issues, and reconstituting the State Board of Education dominated by Pence appointees. The bill also allowed the board to appoint a chairman other than the Superintendent of Public Instruction starting in 2017, and added the State Board of Education (controlled by Pence) as a 'state educational authority' along with the Department of Education (controlled by Ritz) for purposes of accessing sensitive student data. Pence and Ritz also clashed over non-binding federal guidelines that advised Indiana public schools must treat transgender students in a way that corresponds to their, even if their education files indicate a different gender.
Energy and environment During Pence's term in office, the Republican-controlled 'repeatedly tried to roll back standards and successfully ended Indiana's energy efficiency efforts.' Pence has been an outspoken supporter of the, declaring in his 2015 that 'Indiana is a pro-coal state,' expressing support for an 'all-of-the-above energy strategy,' and stating: 'we must continue to oppose the overreaching schemes of the EPA until we bring their war on coal to an end.'
In 2015, Pence sent a letter to President Obama denouncing the EPA's (which would regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants) and stating that Indiana would refuse to comply with the plan. Indiana joined other states in a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the plan. In 2016, Pence stated that even if legal challenges failed, Indiana would continue to defy the rule and would not come up with its own plan to reduce emissions. Gun policy In 2014, over the opposition of Indiana school organizations, Pence signed a bill which allows firearms to be kept in vehicles on school property. In 2015, following a, Pence recruited the to train the on concealed carry. Some National Guard officials from other states questioned why a civilian organization would be involved in a military issue. In May 2015, Pence signed into law Senate Bill 98, which limited lawsuits against gun and ammunition manufacturers and sellers and retroactively terminated the 's still-pending 1999 lawsuit against gun manufacturers and retailers that allegedly made illegal sales of.
The bill was supported by Republicans such as state Senator, who hoped that the measure would attract more gun-related businesses to Indiana, but opposed by and former, who viewed the measure as 'an unprecedented violation of the between the legislative and judicial branches of state government.' In 2016, Pence signed Senate Bill 109 into law, legalizing the of farm-raised deer in Indiana. Public health Beginning in December 2014, there was an HIV outbreak in Southern Indiana. In 2011, Planned Parenthood ran five rural clinics in Indiana. They tested for HIV and offered prevention, intervention and counseling for better health. The one in performed no abortions.
The Republican-controlled legislature and Pence defunded Planned Parenthood. Scott County has been without an HIV testing center since 2013. Pence had long been a vocal opponent of, which allow drug users to trade in used syringes for sterile ones in order to stop the spread of diseases, despite evidence that such programs prevent the spread of AIDS and hepatitis C, and do not increase drug abuse. In March 2015, after the outbreak began, Pence allowed at least five counties to open needle exchanges, but did not move to lift the state ban on funding for needle exchanges. Critics say Pence's compromise has been ineffective because counties had no way to pay for needle exchanges themselves. Indiana State Health Commissioner Jerome Adams defended Pence, saying that publicly funded needle exchange programs are controversial in many conservative communities. In middle America, Adams said, you can't 'just point your finger at folks and say, 'You need to have a syringe exchange and we're going to pay for it with your tax dollars.'
' In 2015, Pence and the agreed to expand in Indiana, in accordance with the. As part of the expansion, called the 2.0, Pence negotiated modifications to the program for Indiana that included co-payments by participants.
The co-payments are linked to healthy behaviors on the part of the participants, so that, for example, a participant who quit smoking would receive a lower co-payment. Participants can lose benefits for failing to make the payments. The required contribution would be about 2% of income.
Critics say that those who already struggle to buy food and housing will have even more difficulty paying their 2%. One critic expressed concern that lower income people may stay out of the program or avoid pursuing health care. A service provider said that the program 'wins the award for bureaucratic complexity and red tape.' See also: On March 26, 2015, Pence signed, also known as the Indiana 'religious objections' bill (Religious Freedom Restoration Act, or RFRA), into law. The law's signing was met with criticism by people and groups who felt the law was carefully worded in a way that would permit discrimination against persons. Such organizations as the (NCAA), the gamer convention, and the spoke out against the law.
Apple CEO and Salesforce.com CEO condemned the law, with saying it would halt its plans to expand in the state. Announced that they would cancel a $40 million expansion of their Indianapolis based headquarters over concerns with the law. The expansion would have moved 1000 jobs into the state. Thousands protested against the policy.
Five GOP state representatives voted against the bill, and, the Republican mayor of Indianapolis, criticized it as sending the 'wrong signal' about the state. Pence defended the law, stating that it was not about discrimination. In an appearance on the program, Pence stated, 'We are not going to change this law', while refusing to answer whether examples of discrimination against LGBT people given by Eric Miller of anti-LGBT group would be legal under the law. Pence denied the law permitted discrimination and wrote in a March 31, 2015, op-ed, 'If I saw a restaurant owner refuse to serve a gay couple, I wouldn't eat there anymore. As governor of Indiana, if I were presented a bill that legalized discrimination against any person or group, I would veto it.' In the wake of the backlash against the RFRA, on April 2, 2015, Pence signed legislation revising the law to protect against potential discrimination. Abortion Another controversy arose in March 2016 when Pence signed into law H.B.
1337, a bill that both banned certain abortion procedures and placed new. The bill banned abortion if the reason for the procedure given by the woman was the ' race or gender or a fetal abnormality. In addition, the bill required that all fetal remains from abortions or miscarriages at any stage of pregnancy be buried or cremated, which according to the was not required in any other state.
The law was described as 'exceptional for its breadth'; if implemented, it would have made Indiana 'the first state to have a blanket ban on abortions based solely on race, sex or suspected disabilities, including evidence of.' Days after the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in, a issued a blocking the bill from taking effect, with U.S. District Judge determining that the bill was likely to be unconstitutional and that the State of Indiana would be unlikely to prevail at trial. As Vice President, Pence became the highest level government official to attend the in on January 27, 2017.
Media and the press. Pence at the in Indianapolis, 2015 In June 2013, Pence was criticized for deleting comments of others posted on his official government Facebook page; he apologized. On January 26, 2015 it was widely reported that Pence had planned to launch a state-run, taxpayer-funded news service for Indiana. The service, called 'JustIN', was to be overseen by a former reporter for, and would feature breaking news, stories written by press secretaries, and light features. At the time, it was reported that the two employees who would run the news service would be paid a combined $100,000 yearly salary. The target audience was small newspapers that had limited staff, but the site would also serve to communicate directly with the public. The publisher of the Commercial Review of, said, 'I think it's a ludicrous idea.
The notion of elected officials presenting material that will inevitably have a pro-administration point of view is antithetical to the idea of an independent press.' There was speculation that the news service would publish pro-administration stories that would make Pence look good in the event of a presidential run. According to, the idea 'of stories prewritten for the media set off a wave of criticism from journalists around the country, who likened the Indiana endeavor to state-run media in Russia and China.
Headlines like 'Pravda in the Plains' accompanied calls for Pence to scrap the idea.' Graham of regarded the announcement of JustIN as evidence of a disturbing changing trend in how the public gets news. After a week or so of controversy about the idea, Pence scrapped the idea saying, 'However well-intentioned, after thorough review of the preliminary planning and careful consideration of the concerns expressed, I am writing you to inform you that I have made a decision to terminate development of the JustIN website immediately.' Syrian refugee crisis As governor, Pence attempted unsuccessfully to prevent from being resettled in Indiana.
In February 2016, a federal judge ruled that Pence's order to cut off federal funds for a local non-profit refugee resettlement agency was unconstitutional; Pence has appealed. In December 2015, Pence stated that 'calls to ban Muslims from entering the U.S. Are offensive and unconstitutional'.
Public-records requests and use of private email Pence 'repeatedly stonewalled public records requests as governor, often withholding documents or delaying their release if not denying them outright.' As governor, Pence routinely used a personal to conduct official business, according to public records. In 2016, hackers compromised the account and used it to send in an attempt to obtain money from Pence's contacts. While this use is not prohibited by Indiana law, some of the emails discussed sensitive matters and homeland security issues. In March 2017, after Pence had become vice president, the State of Indiana released 29 emails to media outlets that had made, but withheld an undisclosed number of other emails, saying that they were or advisory and thus exempt from public disclosure.
Cybersecurity experts and advocates were surprised by Pence's use of a personal email account to conduct public business, given Pence's past attacks on 's while U.S. Secretary of state. In 2017, Indiana hired a private law firm for $100,000 to handle a backlog of public-records requests for Pence's personal AOL account email correspondence. Re-election campaign and withdrawal. Main article: Pence ran for a second term as governor.
He was unopposed in the May 3, 2016, Republican primary for governor. He was to face Democrat, former, in a rematch of the 2012 race. However, Pence filed paperwork ending his campaign on July 15, 2016, as Trump announced his selection of Pence as.
Lieutenant Governor was nominated in Pence's place, and selected as his running mate. Holcomb went on to defeat Gregg in the general election. 2016 vice presidential campaign Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Pence at a town hall and campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2016.
Pence endorsed Senator of Texas in the. Donald Trump considered naming Pence as his vice presidential running mate along with other finalists including New Jersey governor and former House speaker. Pence had stronger connections at the time to the politically influential big donors, than Trump did. As was widely reported on July 14, wrote that Pence would end his re-election campaign and accept the Republican vice presidential nomination instead.
The following day, Trump officially announced on Twitter that Pence would be his running mate. Immediately after the announcement, Pence said that he was 'very supportive of Donald Trump's call to temporarily suspend immigration from countries where terrorist influence and impact represents a threat to the United States'.
Pence said that he was 'absolutely' in sync with proposal, stating that Mexico was 'absolutely' going to pay for it. According to a rating of candidates' ideology, Pence was the most conservative vice-presidential candidate in the last forty years. Pence stated that his role model as vice president would be. During Pence's preparations for the in October 2016, played the role of. (In Kaine's own debate prep, was selected to play Pence.) In response to lewd comments made by Donald Trump in 2005, and reported in The Washington Post on Friday, October 7, 2016, Pence said 'I do not condone his remarks and cannot defend them', but Pence made clear that he was standing by the presidential candidate. The candidate's campaign substituted Pence for Trump at a campaign event from which Trump was 'uninvited' by, the Speaker of the U.
House of Representatives. According to The New York Times, Pence called Trump on October 8, 2016 and told him that he would not appear at the campaign event with Ryan as a replacement for Trump and that Trump would need to handle the next 48 hours on his own, as Pence said he did not think he would be an effective surrogate for Trump. On October 10, 2016, Pence appeared on CNN and said that it was 'absolutely false to suggest that at any point in time we considered dropping off this ticket' and that it is the 'greatest honor of my life' to be nominated as Trump's running mate. On October 27, 2016, a chartered Boeing 737 carrying Pence skidded off a runway at in New York City and was slowed by an; no injuries were reported. Vice President of the United States (2017–present).
Vice President-elect Pence meets with Vice President at the on November 10, 2016 On November 8, 2016, Pence Vice President of the United States as Trump's running mate. Soon after the election, he was appointed chairman of President-elect Trump's transition team. During the transition phase of the, Pence was reported as holding a large degree of influence in the administration due to his roles as a mediator between Trump and congressional Republicans, for reassuring conservatives about Trump's conservative credentials, and his influence in determining. Pence is the sixth vice president from Indiana, following (1869–1873), (1885), (1905–1909), (1913–1921), and (1989–1993). Pence being sworn in as vice president on January 20, 2017 On January 20, 2017, at noon, Pence became the 48th, sworn into the office by Justice, using 's, opened to, 'If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land', which is the same verse Reagan used for his swearing-ins as governor and President. Pence also used his personal Bible which he opens every morning. Vice presidency.
Pence with President In the early days of his vice presidency, Pence performed many ceremonial duties, including swearing in as and as just hours after his own inauguration as vice president on January 20. He also administered the oath of office to the White House senior staff on January 22, 2017. Pence also sat in on calls made by President Trump to foreign heads of government and state such as Russian President and. Pence appointed as chief of staff among 18 staffers named in January 2016. Most were former staffers from and days and five of them including Pitcock were also former lobbyists. After working for Pence while he was a congressman, Pitlock had been lobbyist for the state in Washington while Pence was governor. Pitlock's lobbying position had continued while he also worked on the vice presidential campaign.
Jarrod Agen was tapped as deputy assistant to the President and director of communications to the Vice President in February. Agen was most recently chief of staff for Governor of Michigan through the time of the and previously worked for Mayor in New York, in Nevada, in California and. On February 7, 2017, Pence made history by becoming the first Vice President, in his role as president of the, to cast a tie-breaking vote to confirm a Cabinet member. He cast the deciding vote to break a 50–50 tie to confirm as the. Pence cast his second tie-breaking vote on March 30, 2017, voting to advance a bill to defund. As of December 2017, Pence has cast six.
Vice President Pence stands for the national anthem prior to leaving In April 2017, Pence made a tour of the Asia-Pacific region. In South Korea, he met acting president and condemned 's. In Japan, Pence met Prime Minister and pledged to work with Japan, South Korea, and China 'to achieve a peaceable resolution and the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula,' adding 'The era of strategic patience is over and while all options are on the table'. Pence subsequently traveled to, where he met with president, toured the largest mosque in the region (the ), and praised moderate Islam.
Pence ended his trip with stops in, (where, after meeting with, he said that the U.S. 'intends to honor' a U.S.-Australia refugee resettlement agreement), and, and. On May 21, 2017, Pence delivered the commencement address at the. Traditionally, the delivers the address at Notre Dame in his inaugural year, but in 2017 Vice President Pence was invited instead. A number of students walked out when Pence took the stage. Marc Lotter has been Vice President Pence's press secretary. And Political action committee On May 17, 2017, Pence filed FEC paperwork to form, a that would be headed by his former campaign staffers and Marty Obst.
This is the only time a vice president has started his own PAC while still in office. Pence denied a New York Times article's allegations that he will run for president in 2020, calling them 'laughable and absurd', and said the article was 'disgraceful and offensive'. Political stances Pence is described as being staunchly conservative on fiscal and social issues, with his political views strongly shaped by his Christian faith and by the conservative political theorist.
During his acceptance speech for the nomination of Republican vice presidential candidate at the, Pence stated that 'I'm a Christian, a conservative, and a Republican, in that order.' As one commentator put it, 'Pence doesn't simply wear his faith on his sleeve – he wears the entire Jesus jersey.'
Abortion, sex education, and stem cell research. Pence speaking at the 2017 in Washington, D.C. Pence is an, and his unwavering support of abortion restrictions has gained him the support of grassroots conservative activists. He began seeking to defund in 2007 and in three congressional sessions, he introduced legislation to block organizations that provide abortion services from receiving any funding, even for services not related to reproductive health.
Pence has criticized. In 2002, he criticized a speech by then-Secretary of State, who stated that it was 'important for young people. To protect themselves from the possibility of acquiring any sexually transmitted disease' through the use of.
Pence called Powell's comments a 'sad day' and expressed his support for. He asserted that 'condoms are a very, very poor protection against sexually transmitted diseases' and that Powell was 'maybe inadvertently misleading millions of young people and endangering lives'. Pence opposed President Obama's executive order eliminating, saying, 'I believe it is morally wrong to create human life to destroy it for research. I believe it is morally wrong to take the tax dollars of millions of pro-life Americans.'
He asserted that 'scientific breakthroughs have rendered embryonic stem-cell research obsolete'. On January 27, 2017, Pence spoke at the in Washington D.C., becoming the first vice president and the highest-ranking United States official to ever speak at the annual event. LGBT rights Pence has been a staunch opponent of efforts to expand LGBT civil rights. In 2000, Pence stated 'Congress should oppose any effort to recognize homosexuals as a ' entitled to the protection of anti-discrimination laws similar to those extended to women and ethnic minorities.' He called for 'an audit to ensure that federal dollars were no longer being given to organizations that celebrate and encourage the types of behaviors that facilitate the spreading of the HIV virus' and instead advocated for resources to be directed toward institutions 'which provide assistance to those seeking to change their sexual behavior'. Pence has said that homosexuals should not serve in the military, saying, 'Homosexuality is incompatible with military service because the presence of homosexuals in the ranks weakens unit cohesion.'
Pence opposed of saying in 2010 that allowing in the military would 'have an impact on unit cohesion'. In 2007, Pence voted against the, which would have banned workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Pence opposed the 2009, saying that wanted to 'advance a radical social agenda' and said that pastors 'could be charged or be subject to intimidation for simply expressing a Biblical worldview on the issue of homosexual behavior'. Pence opposes both and. While in the House, he said that 'societal collapse was always brought about following an advent of the deterioration of marriage and family'. He has advocated a constitutional same-sex marriage ban but did not champion such a proposed ban for his first year as governor.
Economic policy. Representative Pence (third from left) standing behind then-governor Mitch Daniels at a 2008 press conference in Martinsville, Indiana Pence was a co-sponsor of H.J.Res.73, a 2011 spending limit amendment to the. This amendment would limit federal spending to 'the average annual revenue collected in the three prior years, adjusted in proportion to changes in population and inflation'. In regards to adopting the, Pence stated in 2011, 'the time has come to have a debate over gold and the proper role it should play in our nation's monetary affairs'. Pence proposed legislation to end the dual mandate of the (maximizing employment and stabilizing prices), requiring the Fed to just focus on price stability and not. He has been a proponent of a. Pence opposed the (TARP) (the 'Wall Street bailout') of 2008.
Pence also opposed the package of 2008–09, which guided and through bankruptcy. In 2007, Pence voted against the raising of the to $7.25 (from $5.15) an hour over two years, stating that it would 'hurt the working poor'. While in the House, Pence voted against the ('). He voted against the. He had publicly opposed the bill denouncing it as a failure, and called for a federal spending freeze. Nevertheless, several months after voting against the bill, Pence privately sought $6 million in stimulus funds for projects in his district, and in 2010, hosted a job fair for stimulus-backed employers. A Pence spokesperson stated that 'once it became law, he had a responsibility to support local efforts to secure funding for projects that could benefit people in his district'.
Pence voted against the. Pence was a supporter of reform.
He voted against the $139.7 billion Transportation-Treasury spending bill in June 2006, and in favor of a series of amendments proposed that same month by which would strip other members' earmarks from the federal budget. On occasion, however, Pence secured earmarks for projects in his district. Health care Pence voted against that created, a Medicare prescription-drug benefit. Pence voted against the. In June 2012, after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act in, Pence likened the ruling to the in a closed-door meeting of the. He immediately apologized for making the statement.
In 2001, Pence wrote an op-ed arguing against the and tobacco regulation, saying that they would create 'new government bureaucracies' and encroach on private lives. He stated that 'despite the hysteria from the political class and the media, smoking doesn't kill'. Pence asserted, '2 out of every three smokers does not die from a smoking related illness and 9 out of ten smokers do not contract lung cancer', while acknowledging that 'smoking isn't good for you' and people who smoke should quit. In 2009, Pence voted against the, which allows the to.
According to the, Pence's state of Indiana has one of the worst smoking problems in America. Pence speaking at a rally in 2011 In June 2006, Pence unveiled an immigration plan (which he described as 'No Amnesty Immigration reform') that would include increased border security, followed by strict enforcement of laws against hiring illegal aliens, and a. This guest worker program would have required participants to apply from their home country to government-approved job placement agencies that match workers with employers who cannot find Americans for the job. The plan received support from conservatives such as, but attracted criticism from other conservatives such as and and, who viewed Pence as lending 'his conservative prestige to a form of liberal amnesty'.
In 2009, Pence opposed (the legal principle set forth by the of the that 'All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside'). He co-sponsored a bill that would have limited citizenship to children born to at least one parent who is a citizen, immigrants living permanently in the U.S. Or non-citizens performing active service in the Armed Forces. In 2010, Pence voted against the, which would grant the of illegal immigrants conditional non-immigrant status if they met certain requirements. In 2010, Pence stated that, which at the time of passage in 2010 was the nation's broadest and strictest anti- legislation, was 'a good faith to try and restore order to their communities'. Social Security.
Further information: Pence supported President George W. Bush's unsuccessful 2005 proposal to partially privatize by allowing workers to invest part of their in private investment accounts and participants. Pence had previously proposed a similar but more aggressive reform plan than Bush's.
When asked in 2010 if he would be willing to make cuts to Social Security, Pence answered, 'I think everything has to be on the table.' When asked if he would raise the retirement age, he said, 'I'm an all-of-the-above guy. We need look at everything on the menu.' Pence swearing in John F. Kelly at DHS Headquarters on January 25, 2017. Pence supported the on its passage in 2001, and in 2005 called the act 'essential to our continued success in the here at home'. Pence was a sponsor of legislation in 2009 to extend three expiring provisions of the Patriot Act (the, the provision, and the lone-wolf provision) for an additional ten years.
International trade Pence 'has been a longtime, aggressive advocate of trade deals' between the U.S. And foreign countries.
Pence has been a supporter of the (NAFTA), and during his tenure in the House, he voted for every that came before him. Pence voted in favor of the (CAFTA); in favor of keeping the U.S. In the; and in favor of. Pence also supported bilateral, and. Pence's strong stance in favor of free trade sharply differs from the stance of his running mate Trump, who has condemned and the. Pence voted against the Trade and Globalization Act of 2007, which would have expanded to American workers adversely affected by globalization.
However, in 2014 Pence called for the 'swift adoption' of the (TPP), urging Indiana's congressional delegation to support the trade deal. Foreign policy. Pence and Trump with Ukrainian President, June 20, 2017 Pence supported the, which authorized. During the, Pence opposed setting a public withdrawal date from. During an April 2007 visit to, Pence and visited market, the site of a deadly attack in February 2007, that claimed the lives of 61 people.
Pence and McCain described the visit as evidence that the security situation in Iraqi markets had improved. The visit to the market took place under tight security, including helicopters overhead, and the New York Times reported that the visit gave a false indication of how secure the area was because of the extremely heavy security forces protecting McCain. Pence chaired the and was a prominent supporter of George W. At the time, Pence stated that 'the surge is working' and defended the initial decision to invade in 2003. Pence and Trump with on March 14, 2017 Pence has opposed closing the and trying the suspected terrorists in the United States. As an alternative, Pence has said that the 'enemy combatants' should be tried in a military tribunal.
Pence has stated his support of and its right to attack facilities in Iran to prevent the Iranians from developing nuclear weapons, has defended the actions of Israel in its use of deadly force in enforcing the, and has referred to Israel as 'America's most cherished ally'. He visited Israel in 2014 to express his support, and in 2016 signed into law a bill which would ban Indiana from having any commercial dealings with a company that boycotts Israel.
He opposes a. Joint Press Conference by the presidents and Pence, July 31, 2017 Pence criticized Russian President and Barack Obama's alleged weak leadership, saying: 'When Donald Trump and I observe that, as I’ve said in Syria, in Iran, in Ukraine, that the small and bullying leader of Russia has been stronger on the world stage than this administration, that’s stating painful facts. That's not an endorsement of Vladimir Putin. That’s an indictment of the weak and feckless leadership.' Two weeks prior to the, Pence thanked the Obama administration and Secretary of State for their efforts to isolate the regime. Pence expressed support for 'a no-fly zone' and stated that 'Gaddafi must go'.
Pence condemned the 'terrible savagery' in, saying 'The images of the violence and its victims have shocked the American people, and decent people all over the world'. Climate change Pence 'does not accept the that human activity is the primary driver of climate change.' In 2001, Pence wrote in an that 'global warming is a myth,' saying that 'the earth is actually cooler today than it was about 50 years ago'.
In 2006 and 2009, Pence expressed the view that it was unclear whether was, and in 2009 he told political commentator that there was a 'growing skepticism in the scientific community about global warming'. In 2009, Pence led the Republican effort to defeat the (Waxman-Markey), a Democratic-backed bill to cut (and therefore ) through a system. On September 27, 2016, however, Pence said 'there's no question' that affects both the and the environment. Pence holds a lifetime rating of 4 percent from the.
While in the House, Pence 'voted to eliminate funding for climate education programs and to prohibit the from regulating '. Pence also 'repeatedly voted against energy efficiency and renewable energy funding and rules' and voted 'for several bills that supported development, including legislation promoting offshore drilling'.
Crime and illegal drugs. Pence meeting with President in 2007 Pence has questioned proposals to decrease penalties for low-level offenses in Indiana, saying that the state should focus on 'reducing crime, not reducing penalties'. In 2013, Pence expressed concern that a then-pending bill to revise the state's criminal code was not tough enough on drug crimes, and successfully lobbied to limit the reduction in sentencing of marijuana offenses. In 2016, he signed into law a measure that would reinstate a ten-year prison sentence for certain drug offenders.
During 2014, Pence sent a letter to United States Attorney General, saying that Indiana would not comply with because they were 'too expensive'. According to the Indiana Department of Corrections, it would cost the state $15–20 million annually to comply with the guidelines. Pence said that a number of rape prevention measures had already been 'implemented'. In 2015, Pence signed Senate Bill 94 to lengthen the statute of limitations for rape – continuing for five years after sufficient DNA evidence is uncovered, enough recorded evidence is brought forth or discovered, or the offender confesses to the crime. Pence also signed Senate Bill 8 to allow the death penalty for beheadings if the victim was alive at the time of the offense.
Gambling Pence has been an advocate of federal restrictions on online gambling. In 2006, he was one of 35 cosponsors of H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte–Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, and H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.
Campaign finance Pence praised the 2010 Supreme Court ruling in when it was announced. Pence said: Freedom won today in the Supreme Court. Today's ruling in the Citizens United case takes us one step closer to the Founding Fathers' vision of free speech, a vision that is cherished by all Americans and one Congress has a responsibility to protect.
If the freedom of speech means anything, it means protecting the right of private citizens to voice opposition or support for their elected representatives. The fact that the court overturned a 20-year precedent speaks volumes about the importance of this issue. Pence described the, known as McCain–Feingold, which regulates the, as 'oppressive restrictions on free speech'. Personal life. Mike Pence family at the 2017 Presidential Inauguration Parade Mike and have been married since 1985. The two met while he was in law school. They have three children.
During Pence's service in the House, his family lived in, when Congress was in session. Michael Pence's son is a first lieutenant and training to be a pilot in the.
Pence has five siblings. His oldest brother, Greg, has worked in Indiana Republican politics. Pence was raised in a Catholic family, served as an, and attended parochial school. He became a in college, while a member of a student group, and identified his first year – and specifically 'a Christian music festival in Asbury, Kentucky, in the spring of 1978' referring to the at then in – as the moment he made a 'commitment to Christ.'
After that point, Pence continued to attend (where he met his wife) and was a. Pence called himself Catholic in a 1994 news piece, although by 1995, he and his family had joined an, the Grace Evangelical Church. In 2013, Pence said his family was 'kind of looking for a church.' He has described himself as 'a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order,' and as 'a born-again, evangelical Catholic.' When asked by if he believes in, Pence answered and repeated minutes later, 'I believe with all my heart that God created the heavens and the earth, the seas and all that is in them. How he did that, I'll ask him about some day.'
In a 2002 statement on the of the House of Representatives (reported in the ), Pence told his colleagues '. I also believe that someday scientists will come to see that only the theory of provides even a remotely rational explanation for the known universe.' Electoral history House of Representatives. 1988 Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Election (1988) Party Candidate Votes% Philip R. Sharp 116,915 53.20 Mike Pence 102,846 46.80 Total votes 219,761 100.00 Voter turnout% 1990 Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Election (1990) Party Candidate Votes% Philip R. Sharp 93,495 59.37 Mike Pence 63,980 40.63 Total votes 157,475 100.00 Voter turnout% 2000 Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Election (2000) Party Candidate Votes% Mike Pence 106,023 50.87 Robert Rock 80,885 38.81 William 'Bill' Frazier 19,077 9.15 Michael E. American Delta Party VP nominee: American Party of South Carolina American Solidarity Party America's Party Nutrition Party Party for Socialism and Liberation VP nominee:.
Peace and Freedom Party VP nominee: Other candidates Prohibition Party Reform Party VP nominee: Other candidates Socialist Equality Party Socialist Party USA VP nominee: Socialist Workers Party VP nominee: United States Pacifist Party Veterans Party of America Workers World Party Independent candidates Not on any ballots. These candidates are constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.
. Part of the book series (BRIEFSPOLITICAL) Abstract This chapter is devoted to analysis of the concept of globalization, highlighting its main components as well as ambiguities. Above all, however, the most critical arguments brought against the concept are considered, in an attempt to demonstrate, vice versa, its utility and validity: these being the necessary premises for justifying the book’s reflection on the instruments best suited to measuring globalization. The chapter also proposes a definition of globalization that may serve as a benchmark in the analysis of possible instruments for its measurement.